They are cryptogams, seedless and vascular: Pteridophytes are seedless, and they reproduce through spores. Ferns, horsetails (often treated as ferns), and lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts) are all pteridophytes. The more primitive species have a protostele, most have siphonosteles, and some have complex dictyosteles. 11,000 worldwide) and form (small aquatics to trees).!! Like the horsetails (which may be thought of as specialized ferns), leaves are megaphylls; blade is called a frond and the petioles as stipes.! 800 species (X.-M. Zhou and L.-B. However, generally four major groups or classes are recognised. They are primitive plants and lack seeds, wood, fruit and flowers. (approximate number of described species) mosses, hornworts, liverworts whisk ferns club mosses, quillworts horsetails ferns conifers cycads gingkoes gnetophytes flowering plants Bryophyta Psilophyta Lycophyta Sphenophyta Pterophyta Coniferophyta Cycadophyta Gingkophyta Gnetophyta Anthophyta (16,600 species) (several species) (1,000 species . Introduction. conifer - conifer - Annotated classification: With 7 extant families, 68 genera, and 545 species, classification of the extant conifers remains controversial. of mature stem shows a number of tissue zones, viz. 1, 1999) Anatomy and Morphology of the Ferns and "so-called" Allies . Hepatophyta Bryophyta Anthocerophyta Lycophyta Pterophyta Ginkgophyta Cycadophyta Gnetophyta Coniferophyta Anthophyta. The Pteropsida differs from other classes in possessing raised leaves (mega- phylls). Pterophyta (Psilotum, Equisetum, Ferns) Gymnosperma (Pine) Angiosperms: Red algae (Polysiphonia) Red algae are mostly found in a marine environment. This is a conspicuous group of woody plants commonly known as the "conifers". However, in D, 6 is not as closely related to 3 as in the other cladograms. Phylum Pteridophyta (True Ferns) - part 2. Most ferns are terrestrial, while some ferns are vines; others are epiphytes, wrapping around trees; and some float on bodies of water. Biogeography -The majority of ferns inhabit warm, damp areas of the Earth. Pterophyta habitats are numerous. Of these 9,294 are accepted species names. The most diversified phylum is Angiosperms that contains 260,000 flowering vascular plant species. There are a number of species of Marsilea and it is common throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world, usually growing in shallow water with a stem rooted to the bottom and leaves that extend up and float on the surface. 3. It is represented by about 300 genera and more than 10000 species. . Heterospory and ligulate leaves occur in :-. Pterophyta 2. In general, all living organisms are divided into kingdoms in the form of a classification chart. There are 20,000 species of ferns compared to about 250,000 flowering plants alive today. The genus Magnolia has a _____ colored flower and is pollinated by _____ 2). What is the common name for the phylum Pterophyta? Like the horsetails (which may be thought of as specialized ferns), leaves are megaphylls; blade is called a frond and the petioles as stipes.! They can be difficult to identify because the distinguishable characteristics are often hidden up in the canopy and only the woody stem of the vine can be seen from ground level. Plant Classification Coniferophyta (Gymnosperms) It is a group of plants which are primarily . Disagreements exist throughout the classification, so that the numbers of orders, families, genera, and species are all disputed. Ferns have the highest number of chromosomes known in vascular plants. About 10 to 15 species in America, also extending to southern Africa, e.g., W. The major constituent species in this . A number of species is unicellular, but most species are multicellular. Of these 15,344 are accepted species names. Lycophytes. Lycophyta, Pterophyta, Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta, Coniferophyta, Anthophyta. Spores ellipsoid, monolete, perispores cristate, rarely rugose. View the full answer. The largest lycophyte genus, Selaginella is cosmopolitan and is estimated to contain 700 (Tryon and Lugardon, 1991), 750 (Jermy, 1990) or ca. Status of Pteridophytes - India • 500 species of ferns and 100 species of fern allies (other than the order of fillicales) are on record from India • Pteridophytic flora of India comprises of 67 families, 191 genera and more than 1000 species including 47 endemic Indian ferns, and 414 species of pteridophytes (219 at risk, of which 160 . The species Nephrolepis exaltata is a tropical species of sword fern (in the family Lomariopsidaceae), native to humid forests from northern South America through Mexico, in Florida and the West Indies where it can grow up to 7 feet tall. Most ferns are herbaceous plants such as Polypodium virginianum (right) which grows in Ohio on damp rockfaces. Chromosome number: x = 38. A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta / ˌ p ɒ l i ˌ p ɒ d i ˈ ɒ f ə t ə ˌ-ə ˈ f aɪ t ə /) [citation needed] is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.They differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in . The Plant List includes a further 3,533 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the Pteridophytes. The offspring of natural hybrids are expected to have genotypes combining the alleles of the parental species, and are . Class Psilotopsida, the wisk ferns, approximately 12 species Class Filicopsida, the true ferns, approximately 10,000 species * The common names "mosses" and "rushes" applied to these species do not mean that these groups are related to the mosses and rushes, any more than a pineapple is related to pines or a breadfruit has some affinity to wheat. BSC 2011 typical questions: Test 3 1). Estimated Number of Species: 250,000. They contain vascular tissues but lack xylem vessels and phloem companion cells. Their multiple industrial, domestic, agricultural, medical and technological applications have led to their wide distribution in the environment; raising concerns over their potential effects on human health and the environment. This site aims to clarify and explain these relationships and provide information about the native species found in the British . gametophyte - radially symmetrical thallus. The third genus, Ginkgo, has only one member, Ginkgo biloba, commonly called the ginkgo tree. Growing profusely in tropical areas, ferns diminish in number with increasingly higher latitudes and (e) Species has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters. When a biologist proposes the creation of a new category at one taxonomic rank, he or she must ensure that the new category contains at least one member at each lower rank. Central Texas' heterosporous genera of Pterophyta include Marselia, Azolla, and Salvinia. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA. Here's how you can help. Transcribed image text: Based on the number of species, the most successful extant phylum of plants is the 2 points O Anthophyta O Coniferophyta Pterophyta O Gnetophyta O Charophyta . The number of species in Mexico is unknown; some authors who study its distribution estimate them in 253 species and others calculate among 135-150 species. 3. Pterophyta . As with the ferns, lycophytes produce spores for reproduction and are both wind-pollinated and dispersed. phylum Bryophyta - mosses. Cycadophyta 3. In this population of 1,000 birds, 350 have dark brown wings, 500 have light brown wings, and 150 birds have . Chinese medicine. The forest resource is important in the ecology and economy of Mexico, especially in the state of Durango, where about 44% (5,402,825 ha) of the total area is covered by temperate forests . Some also grow in sandy soils. Ferns serve as the second major stride in the evolutionary worldliness of plants. There are about ninety species of gnetophytes. A strobilus is _____ and is found in the phylum _____. A total of 41 species were recorded belongs to 19 families and 32 genera. Adder's tongue fern ( Ophioglossum californicum ), an interesting (and uncommon) member of the division Pterophyta (Order Ophioglossales). Pterophyta (True Ferns) SYNONYMS: PTERIDOPHYTA; FILICOPHYTA. The pteridophytes include the ferns, horsetails, and the lycophytes (clubmosses, spikemosses, and quillworts). Phylum Coniferophyta. 2. The Plant List includes a further 13,194 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the Bryophytes. sexual reproduction similar to that of liverworts. The plant body has true roots, stem and leaves: They have well-differentiated plant body into root, stem and leaves. A Kingdom is the second highest taxonomic rank. Higher-level classification of the mosses remains unresolved with considerable difference of opinion on the names of the major groups. We examined the sensitivity of our results to different thresholds . QUESTION: 16. Photo taken in a vernal pool habitat in San Diego County, California. less water-dependent than liverwort. The Different Types of Plants Explained With Pictures. They do not produce flowers and seeds hence they are also called Cryptogams. of primitive vascular plants; they do not produce flowers . 2016, Cornwell et al. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO, USA. The distribution consists of about 11,000 living species. Sori small, orbicular; indusia inferior, dissected into several or numerous multiseriate filamentous or scale-like segments, or sometimes globose. 2, 1993) and Flora of Missouri (Vol. Data from The Flora of North America (Vol. Thelypteridaceae is one of the largest fern families, having about 950 species and a cosmopolitan distribution but with most species occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. PTEROPHYTA: The Pterophyta are the second largest division of the plant kingdom. The pteridophytes reproduce both by the Vegetative and Sexual methods.. Vegetative reproduction: The vegetative reproduction is also a common type of reproduction in the pteridophytes. Approximately twelve thousand extant species of fern are classified in the phylum Pterophyta. View Comments. It is also advantageous since it can produce large number of individuals which are genetically identical too. 4. pterophyta The Pterophyta are the second largest division of the plant kingdom. The greatest number of species live in tropical rain forests. Two of the three genera of ginkgophytes, Ginkgoites and Baiera, are extinct. A to tal of 39 major or true mangrove taxa under 19 genera in 16 families were recorded for the entire Philippine Islands. General Characteristics and Structures -These sporophytes are vascular plants that have true roots, stems and leaves. species number (ca. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the structural chromosomal variability of this genus . are distributed in Chile in a dispersed pattern from 30ºS (Coquimbo) to 41º28 . There are about 1,200 species today in three lycophyte families: Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae, and Isoetaceae. only 1-cell thick in most parts. Division Pterophyta (ferns) Which of the following are both seed bearing plants : a) hepaticophyta and psilophyta b) ginkgophyta and gnetophyta c) gnetophyta and pterophyta d) gnetophyta and psilophyta 3). 2019).South American swamp forests dominated by species of the family Myrtaceae Juss. Species are based on the genetic differences and other related ecological factors or sometimes to both is called as VARIETY. (f) Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in Thallophyta. Compare this number with your diploid number of 46. In this hierarchical ordering, the number of species is greater than the number of genera, which in turn is greater than the number of families and so on. b) External to the cortex, there are conspicuous leaf base parts, which are, of course, parenchymatous. Lycophytes, also known as the 'fern allies', are a clade of vascular plants similar to ferns but have unique leaves called microphylls. A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores.Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden. 11,000 worldwide) and form (small aquatics to trees).!! Angiosperms are flowering plants. Diane Goettel There are hundreds of thousands of plant species on the planet including trees. There are a number of factors that cause species to become endangered but human destruction of natural habits is the leading cause. Phylum Pterophyta (ferns) This diverse environment provides habitats for a surprisingly large number of plant species and more than 6000 species of flowering plants have been recorded so far from Nepal. Species lists are fundamental for knowledge of species diversity in regions subject to strong anthropogenic pressure (Funk 2006, Hortal et al. more prominent than in liverwort. A T.S. IV. The Ten Phyla of Extant Plants. The plant body has true roots, stem and leaves: They have well-differentiated plant body into root, stem and leaves. Phylum Polypodiophyta" ferns! 1. More than 290,000 species of plants have been identified, but there are several species that are yet to be identified. Boston fern is a common ornamental plant frequently grown as a houseplant in cold climates. Anthophyta. a) There is a massive parenchymatous cortex (Primary) which forms the bulk of the stock. Both of the latter two families have only one genus each— Selaginella with about 700 species and Isoetes with about 100.None of the lycophytes is over a meter or so tall, even in the tropics where they flourish and are the most abundant. There is no comprehensive North American flora for these plant groups. 2. 4. With great efforts, Thailand was able to reach their goal because by 1998 almost 45% of Thailand was covered by forest areas. Pteridophytes (vascular cryptogams or ferns and fern allies) comprise about 12 000 species. This group of pteridophytes is commonly known as 'ferns'. Step 1: Which one looks the most different? The liverworts and hornworts in North America north of Mexico number approximately 650 species, with about 800 species known from Mexico. All these numbers are expected to increase as the continental bryoflora is better explored. Although most ferns are homosporous, there are a few heterosporous genera and these heterosporous genera are well represented in central Texas. . In 1985, the first Thailand National Policy set a goal to have 40% of forests to cover the country, 15% as protected areas, and 25% as economic forests. 3. The answer is the 1st option - Anthophyta The phylum Anthophyta consists of angiosperms. The phylum Ant …. Majority of the ferns are terrestrial and prefer to grow in moist and shady places. Phylum Polypodiophyta" ferns! The division Pterophyta is a group of non-seed plants with a fossil record dating back to the lower Devonian. In the British Isles the Phylum Pteridophyta is represented by about 64 native species which are taxonomically classified into two Classes, five Orders, fourteen Families and twenty-four Genera. More than 12000 species of pteridophytes are found on Earth. These are not a monophyletic group because ferns and horsetails are more closely related to seed plants than to the lycophytes. 2. Most observers recognize ten orders within the group, the largest of these is the Polypodiales, which contains roughly 80% of the roughly 12,000 species put in the Pterophyta and is the order that contains the Dryopteridaceae, the family . Pteridaceae is the dominant family with 13 species followed by Polypodiaceae (8 spp.). The lycophyte family Selaginellaceae contains only one genus, Selaginella P. Beauv. Flora of Southwest Virginia Phylum Coniferophyta. In the scientific classification of plants from kingdom to species, the Boston Fern Kingdom is an important factor in the taxonomy of plants. Pterophyta (Pteropsida, Filicophyta,) It includes the plants which are commonly known as 'ferns'. Phylum Pterophyta: Ferns. The greatest species diversity in bryophytes is found in the mosses, with estimates of the number of species ranging from 10,000 to 15,000. The division Pterophyta is a class of non-seed plants with a fossil record registered back to the lower Devonian. They contain vascular tissues but lack xylem vessels and phloem companion cells. They occur in all types of habitats. The thallus can be either thread-like, like in Porphyra where branching arrays assemble, or blade-shaped, like in the genus . It helps to increase the number of population under unfavourable conditions also. The gnetophytes have a number of features in common with the flowering plants (phylum Anthophyta, the angiosperms), which has sparked scientific interest in the evolutionary relationships between the two groups; they are the only gymnosperms, for example, in which vessels occur. 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